mahshid sadat eslahi; aliakbar jafari
Abstract
The Rural Youth Club was formed in 1338 AH with the help of the Development and Development Corps, in order to involve the rural youth in different cities. With various activities, these clubs played an important role in promoting social cohesion, empowering and educating rural youth, fostering a sense ...
Read More
The Rural Youth Club was formed in 1338 AH with the help of the Development and Development Corps, in order to involve the rural youth in different cities. With various activities, these clubs played an important role in promoting social cohesion, empowering and educating rural youth, fostering a sense of belonging and creating opportunities for education among rural youth. Based on this, the main question of the research is: What role did the actions of the rural youth club play in empowering the rural youth? This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and using new archival documents and library resources, evaluates the performance of the rural youth club from its formation to the end in the second Pahlavi period (1338-1357 AH). The findings of the research show that this club effectively helped in the improvement and modernization of the villages by providing information on new agricultural methods, increasing livestock production, expanding and improving rural industries and guiding the villagers, and was able to meet the needs of the villagers and play a constructive role. in the social and economic development of rural areas.
Reza Arefi
Abstract
AbstractThe traditional historiography of Afghanistan is often politics-oriented and focused on the upper classes of the society; However, with the emergence of left-wing historiography in Afghanistan, the dominant trend of historiography in this country changed, and the lower social classes such as ...
Read More
AbstractThe traditional historiography of Afghanistan is often politics-oriented and focused on the upper classes of the society; However, with the emergence of left-wing historiography in Afghanistan, the dominant trend of historiography in this country changed, and the lower social classes such as peasants were considered as history-making groups. The mentioned movement paid special attention to the peasant class; Because more than half of the population of Afghanistan lived in villages and led an agricultural life. From this point of view, they looked for the solution of the socialist revolution among the rural population, especially the peasants.The main problem of the current research is how to reflect the position of the peasants in the thought of the left movement of Afghanistan. This research seeks to answer the above problem with the analytical-descriptive method and with the class analysis approach. The findings of the research show that the People's Democratic Party affiliated with the Moscow line of thought put the land reform program at the top of their social and economic reform programs. The Shola Javid movement also wanted to open a place in the villages according to its Maoist appeal. Like Mao, they wanted to achieve the socialist revolution through the villages and with peasant power. But the peasants' illiteracy, custom and religious beliefs were the most important challenges to the promotion of left-wing thought in the villages. Rather, the villages of Afghanistan practically became the most important stronghold of the opponents of the left movement.
Gholamreza Zaeri
Abstract
Dashti, a region with political and administrative importance, has seen many changes over time. Since 1979, this name refers to a county in the middle of Bushehr Province. Earlier, it sometimes meant the historical area of Mandistan, and at other times, it included Mandistan as one of its five parts. ...
Read More
Dashti, a region with political and administrative importance, has seen many changes over time. Since 1979, this name refers to a county in the middle of Bushehr Province. Earlier, it sometimes meant the historical area of Mandistan, and at other times, it included Mandistan as one of its five parts. This area, in all its forms, had no cities until recently. Its numerous yet small villages, close to each other, were a key feature of this region. The geographical isolation of this rural cluster, due to being surrounded by a desert area and distant from major transport routes, helped preserve its historical traditions. The area is known for producing famous scholars and writers, making its traditional education and literacy practices important topics for study.The purpose of this research is to explore the quality of general literacy education, aiming to clarify how literacy, reading, and writing were taught, understand the literacy levels of the villagers, recognize educational resources, and the nature and application of scientific training in the villages of the Dashti region. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and based on written sources. The results showed that education was conducted at multiple levels, with reading being prioritized over writing, and religious and literary texts being the only educational resources for the people in this region. This was because the main goal of literacy education for residents was to better understand religious concepts and address jurisprudential issues in their personal and social lives.
Babak Zeilabpour
Abstract
The Qashqai tribe is one of the southern tribes of Iran whose main center was in Fars province. The Qashqais participated in the political and military events of Fars after the fall of the Safavid government. The present article tries to answer the question, what was the political status and changes ...
Read More
The Qashqai tribe is one of the southern tribes of Iran whose main center was in Fars province. The Qashqais participated in the political and military events of Fars after the fall of the Safavid government. The present article tries to answer the question, what was the political status and changes of the Qashqai tribe, especially its leaders, during the period (1723- 1796 A.D)? And how was their geographical distribution? The article's findings show that the Qashqai tribe took two processes of compromise and cooperation and confrontation and opposition in the governments of Afshar and Zand. Most of the information about the Qashqai tribe includes the heads of that tribe who were from sub-tribe Shahilo. The first person among the Qashqai chiefs about whom there is more historical data is Ismail Khan blind Qashqai. After the death of Karim Khan, the Qashqais were also involved in the disputes of the successors of Karim Khan Zand. The Qashqais supported the Zandi until the end of the Zand rule. The Qashqai chiefs who headed the tribs had the title of Ilbeg at least since the Zand period .The geographical distribution, ownership and summer quarters and winter quartrs of Qashqai tribe in great Fars state..
mohammadhossein foroughi
Abstract
AbstractKhark is one of the big islands in the middle of the Persian Gulf, where the limited inhabitants of this island lived by fishing, small farming and providing services to passing ships. And its population has always been a function of this important variable. In this regard, the establishment ...
Read More
AbstractKhark is one of the big islands in the middle of the Persian Gulf, where the limited inhabitants of this island lived by fishing, small farming and providing services to passing ships. And its population has always been a function of this important variable. In this regard, the establishment of the Dutch and the English for trade and the pursuit of political goals in the era after geographical discoveries on this island shows the decisive position of Khark. In addition, in some historical periods, this island has also served as an exile and a prison, and the exile of leftist prisoners there is the last reminder of the past functions of this island. However, the current Khark has found a different identity that is dependent on oil. The current research seeks to find the effects of the oil industry on the new identity of this island. The results of the research, obtained through document and library studies, show that the decision of the oil consortium, the contracting party with the National Iranian Oil Company, to export Iranian oil from Khark, has given a new identity to the island. The industrialization of Khark is an important variable in changing the status of Khark Island from the old conditions to the current conditions and has affected the position of this island in the region and the world.
pourya esmaeili; Abbas Boroumand alam; Mohsen Bahram Nejad; Amirhossein hatami
Abstract
This article describes the actions and practices of The Saljuqids in the irrigation system of agricultural and garden lands. The land of Iran is of great importance due to the vastness and diversity of climates among Islamic lands, The southern half and some eastern regions of Iran due to lack of rainfall ...
Read More
This article describes the actions and practices of The Saljuqids in the irrigation system of agricultural and garden lands. The land of Iran is of great importance due to the vastness and diversity of climates among Islamic lands, The southern half and some eastern regions of Iran due to lack of rainfall and tropical climate have always created problems for farmers throughout history that The Saljuqid rulers were no exception to this rule and given that the income from agriculture was vital for them; so they were looking for solution In this regard, The question arises how The Saljuqids performed in the management of the irrigation system? The resulting hypothesis is that The Saljuqids managed the issue of water shortage due to climatic conditions as well as prioritizing water-scarce areas that were economically important. This article examines the dimensions and angles of the subject using historical research method based on description and analysis. This article examines the dimensions and angles of the subject using historical research method based on description and analysis according to Wittfogel theory. The findings of the research show that most of the time, especially in the era of decadence, Saljuqids dug wells and built aqueducts only in places where they cultivated special and rare products such as some tropical fruits, because the sale of such products made So that more incomes will enter The Saljuqids sultan's treasury and compensate the liquidity deficit to some extent. However, the huge cost of land irrigation equipment was borne by the farmers, which caused them dissatisfaction.