Ghelich Morteza; Hosein Heidari; Ahmad Shakiba
Abstract
Rural development is the opening of livelihood bonds facing these communities in their own hands, and the possibility of intervention and definition of issues for rural communities regardless of their perception of their needs is a futile and already failed task. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable ...
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Rural development is the opening of livelihood bonds facing these communities in their own hands, and the possibility of intervention and definition of issues for rural communities regardless of their perception of their needs is a futile and already failed task. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable rural development, it is inevitable to know the basic issues of these communities from the point of view of local communities and to know their perception of their issues and needs. This paper articulate with the aim of local communities' perception and imagination of their needs and how to prioritize them. The qualitative research method relies on the formation of focus groups and group discussions. The field of study is the villages of Malekshahi (27 villages). In order to form focus groups, efforts have been made to include all strata of rural communities, including ranchers, farmers, workers, youth, women, and employees. The number of focus groups formed is also 27 groups. The findings showed that six categories of needs can be identified in the villages of Malekshahi’s county from the point of view of the local community, which are: facility needs, road network needs, service needs, economic needs, agricultural needs, and institutional needs. Based on the type and distribution of the needs, it can be concluded that the types of needs of the villages of Malekshahi are largely consistent with each other and a significant part of them are related to the needs related to the infrastructure, which is more related to the quality and possibility of their life. Also, the perception of Malekshahi’s rural community about needs shows that these communities do not have define a role for themselves and rural communities to solve these issues, and somehow they are trying to project their own problems with this mechanism and take away the blame from themselves.
seyedeh leila Taghavi Sangdehi
Abstract
Due to its natural and economic location, Tabaristan or Mazandaran had a special place in ancient Iran and the Islamic period, this land had densely populated cities and villages with high incomes, which politically was able to maintain its relative independence from the central and ruling governments ...
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Due to its natural and economic location, Tabaristan or Mazandaran had a special place in ancient Iran and the Islamic period, this land had densely populated cities and villages with high incomes, which politically was able to maintain its relative independence from the central and ruling governments in Iran for a long timeThe main issue of this research, which is done in a historical way and with a descriptive-analytical approach, is the study of the political, economic, and religious situation of the villages of Tabaristan during the fifth to ninth centuries AH . The main question of the research is what t role did villages play in political and cultural issues and what was the position of the villages in the economic issues of Tabaristan? The findings of the research indicate that due to the economic position and the natural position of Tabaristan, resources have expressed the situation of this region for many centuries, although cities have been considered more than villages However, the sources also provide valuable data about the villages, such as the religious situation and the growth of Shi'ism in the villages of Tabaristan, the active role of the villages in political events, especially during the period of conquests, the rule of the Alawites of Tabaristan and Marashiyan, the economic situation and the types of products produced and exported to other areas, and also mentioned the description of the wonders of the villages . In general, the villages of Tabaristan played a decisive role in the developments
Mohammadhossein Sadeghi darvishi; Esmaeil Sepahvand; mehdi nazari
Abstract
The word Raqim in the Holy Qur'an is one of the words that has many meanings. Today, there is a village with this name in Jordan, where a mountain and a cave called Raqim are also famous. According to exegetical sources and geographers, the companions of the cave took refuge in this mountain and its ...
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The word Raqim in the Holy Qur'an is one of the words that has many meanings. Today, there is a village with this name in Jordan, where a mountain and a cave called Raqim are also famous. According to exegetical sources and geographers, the companions of the cave took refuge in this mountain and its cave and slept there for about 300 years. Based on geographical sources, some geographers consider this village in the city of Ephesus, some in Maghreb (modern day Spain) and some even in Egypt.The goal is to deal more coherently with the main meanings and purposes of this word. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting research, library and relying on the geographical texts of Muslims, the accuracy and correctness of various sayings have been discussed. The findings indicate that a religious event took place in a village called Raqim and after that this village was noticed by Muslim geographers as well as historians and researchers and the role and value of this village became more apparent. According to commentary sources and geographers, the companions of the cave took refuge in this mountain and the cave of that village and slept there for about 300 years. In any case, Raghim is very important from the point of view of religion and history in every land where it is located, and there are various narratives about it in geographical sources that deserve further investigation.
Elham Malekzadeh
Abstract
After the White Revolution, using the revolutionary method to spread health and solve the problems related to the health and treatment of the rural people of the country, an organization was created under the name of the Health Army Organization. This healthcare service provider organization, using valuable ...
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After the White Revolution, using the revolutionary method to spread health and solve the problems related to the health and treatment of the rural people of the country, an organization was created under the name of the Health Army Organization. This healthcare service provider organization, using valuable economic resources and expert human resources, needs continuously to prevent these resources. On the other hand, according to the organization to improve this unit, its most important goal was announced, and the need to exist and check its performance was felt more. The rural women's social corps was a subset of this big program, and considering this issue, the present study aims to examine the structure, composition, and organization of the corps, in addition, to the diagnosis and evaluation of rural services with girls. The Health Corps analyzes its formation process with the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library studies. It reaches the results of the activities of the group of rural associations and the effects that are institutionalized on the system and the health of the society. The research report indicates that the villagers, due to their knowledge of the activities of the health corps, visited the village health centers without opposition from the girls of the health corps. The rural women were also attracted by trusting the work of the Corps girls. Relationships continued between rural women and army girls, the effects of which were discussed in village health centers, family planning, issuing health certificates, and other efforts.
Rahim Roohbakhsh Allah Abad; Seyyedeh Fatemeh Zare Hosseini
Abstract
The developments of the forties in Iran in various fields, including education, were based on the principles of the White Revolution. In this regard, with the formation of the Knowledge Corps based on the sixth principle of the principles of the White Revolution, the expansion of literacy in the country's ...
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The developments of the forties in Iran in various fields, including education, were based on the principles of the White Revolution. In this regard, with the formation of the Knowledge Corps based on the sixth principle of the principles of the White Revolution, the expansion of literacy in the country's villages was placed on the joint agenda of the Ministry of Culture and War. According to this principle, people with diplomas could do their military service and conscription after a short period of military training and teaching methods in the villages to teach and educate the villagers. Of course, after a short period of time, the field of mission of Sepahian Danesh expanded and included construction activities in villages. According to these missions, several centers and institutions were established to strengthen the knowledge corps, including scientific, supervisory, procurement, etc. This article, using library resources focusing on documents, especially the minutes of negotiations and approvals of the Supreme Council of Culture/Education and Education, and using a descriptive-analytical method, indicates that the knowledge corps succeeded not only in the literacy of the villagers, but also in the field of developments during their one and a half decade of activity in the country's villages. have useful cultural, social and even economic achievements.
Parvin Rostami; Ruhollah Bahrami; Sajad Dadfar
Abstract
With the implementation of the Land Reforms Law officially in 1962, the distribution of land among the peasant villagers began. Consequently, in the process of land division, many protests and complaints were made by farmers and owners about the manner of land division and ownership interests. Some apparent ...
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With the implementation of the Land Reforms Law officially in 1962, the distribution of land among the peasant villagers began. Consequently, in the process of land division, many protests and complaints were made by farmers and owners about the manner of land division and ownership interests. Some apparent and superficial causes can be seen and investigated in the occurrence of writing such complaints, but the causes of its occurrence depended on other hidden layers as well, which caused the land reform organization to not function properly in the way of land distribution. In this research, with the research method, "causal layered analysis (CLA)", it deals with the causes and factors of farmers' and owners' complaints, and in this method, there are four layers of causes, from the apparent and superficial layers to the deep and hidden layers. is checked. The findings of the research show that the causes of the complaints of farmers and landowners range from external factors such as the involvement of land reform agents, gendarmes, the influence of landowners to the weakness of the structure and organizations involved in land reforms the dominant discourse to carry out reforms and the confiscation of this discourse by the ideal model of Shahi It had caused weaknesses, injuries and shortcomings, and finally complaints. This research deals with the subject as a case study of Kermanshah province in the process of implementing land reforms.